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How to Restore Timber Sash Windows in Cambridge Many homes in Cambridge have sash windows that are traditional and the homeowners are proud of their appearance. However, sash windows can become stuck and difficult to open or close. This is typically due to moisture that can cause the wood to expand. Traditionally, windows made of box sash used chains or cotton cords and lead weights to operate. Modern sash windows feature hidden springs to overcome this issue. 1. Aesthetics Timber sash windows, unlike PVC-u windows which are manufactured in imperial sizes, which are modular, can be reconstructed to original dimensions. This allows the restoration to meet modern day energy requirements while ensuring compliance with conservation area regulations. It also comes with a window that is far superior to uPVC alternatives. Sliding windows with sash were initially only found in large buildings or public buildings, however the production process was less expensive and craftsmen were able to produce larger frames with more glass. At the end of the 18th century, sash windows had become the most popular wooden design in British homes. As they were easy to open sash windows allowed light into rooms without curtains. The early windows were made of clear glass, but in the 17th century sash windows started to be more decorative. They began with colored glazing bars, also known as mullions. These were very expensive at the time, but as glass production improved and less expensive, they were a common feature in many period houses. In the 19th century, it became possible to make large, sturdy glasses that didn't need support bars. This allowed the frame to be enlarged and, in turn, gave a better view. This was a significant advancement. The introduction of the double-hung sliding sash was a important improvement that was made in the I920s and the beginning of the I930s. www.repairmywindowsanddoors.co.uk allowed both the lower and upper sash to be opened simultaneously, and gave improved ventilation to the building. The most popular type of sash is made from slow grown deal (pine) however oak was also used in more luxurious buildings and in earlier examples. A split bead divides the two sashes and it is important that this is maintained in order to avoid rattles and draughts. It is also crucial that the idler and sash pulley wheels are kept in good working order as they assist in operating the window. 2. Energy efficiency As larger and clearer sheets of glass were made available, sash windows began to replace hinged casements. Glass plates were set in rebated timber frames, secured with glazing sprigs and putty was sprayed on the frame's two sides for watertightness. This form of glazing gradually replaced leaded lights. Sashes were introduced, which resulted in an increase in demand for ironmongery. The basic fittings included brass pulleys (and later cast-iron) weights, sash stoppers, shutter hinges and handles as well as various fasteners used to secure the sashes. These were often decorated with motifs, inscriptions or engraved patterns that identified the maker. With regular maintenance, sash windows can be extremely energy efficient. Without this maintenance they could become draughty. Paint and putty can cause draughts. This can be remedied by making use of wood-to-timber repair tools that are proprietary. The market for replacement windows is based heavily on the notion that older windows are beyond repair and are not able to be maintained economically. However windows can be easily maintained with a bit of attention. However, these repairs can be expensive and involve substantial disruption to the home. To prevent this homeowners often prefer to replace their windows with PVC-u windows from one the many “one stop shop” installation companies. They can replace all windows in a home in one day, thereby saving time and avoiding the need for various tradesmen to coordinate. They can also be fitted with energy-saving double-glazing to achieve higher energy efficiency ratings than are possible with traditional sash windows. However double-glazed windows cannot replicate the section and proportions of traditional timber sashes. 3. Security It is possible to secure traditional windows without compromising their appearance. Ironmongery like mortice bolts, sash chain, and sash lock can be installed. They can be positioned in such a way that the window is able to be open for ventilation and cleaning. They are generally minimal in appearance, as they are designed to complement the sash window. They can be used with traditional sash window catches. They should be replaced with more robust versions, such as ones that have double screws, or sprung levers to decrease the risk of being hit with hammers. Sash-window frames were traditionally constructed from slow grown deal or, in the more elegant homes, from oak. When glazing bars have survived they should be preserved, and if it is it is possible, the timber of the cill should be replaced by identical wood. Many PVC-U firms offer a one-stop shop installation service. They can take out and replace windows on an entire home in one day, without the need to involve other tradespeople. 4. Ventilation When sash windows first introduced in the 17th century, they allowed a substantial amount of light into structures. At the end of the 18th century, they were modified to let even more light into rooms and bigger glazing panes started to be produced. The result was a lighter look and windows that were more elegant. Sash windows were introduced, which required a new range ironmongery. Early pulleys were made from wood, while later Victorian ones could be made of brass or a mixture of lead and wood, and there were various types of shutter hinges and knobs. The ironmongery components should be kept and cleaned to ensure that the exquisite quality of their design can be appreciated. Timber windows require careful maintenance to ensure they remain in good order. A lack of regular attention could lead to: sashes that no longer slide easily. Holes in the frame which allow water to get in and cause damage and decay. The putty can be soaked by water and cause decay to the frame or cill. Steel casement windows were popular in the I920s and I930s because they were sturdy and slim, cheap and matched the trend towards healthy living. Studies have shown that softwood sash window are just as efficient as PVC-u windows, and may even be more attractive. The industry of replacement windows has made a significant effort to convince homeowners that their windows are old, dirty, and beyond economic repair. The truth is that a lot of older windows made of timber are in good condition and with minor repairs can easily be repaired for many years to come. 5. Maintenance Traditional sash windows require regular maintenance and inspection. If you fail to maintain your sash window, it can cause the sash cords breaking, and the glazing bars wearing out excessively. It could also cause paint and putty become damaged. The removal of sashes can also result in structural movement within the frame, causing the sash not to close correctly. It is also possible for the sash be stuck or slammed into an open position, which can let water and draughts in the structure. Moisture penetration is a common cause of damage to timber windows. This can be prevented by regular maintenance as well as thorough painting, and then removing the cause of dampness. Wet rot is recognisable due to the wavy appearance of the paint that can be stripped away to reveal soft, rotting wood. The sections that are rotting must be removed with care, and the affected area should be scarfed or glued together using replacements of the same type as the remaining timber. This repair method increases the amount of fabric used in the first place and is one of most non-invasive methods to treat timber-to-timber rot. The use of a resin-based wood consolidant is another alternative to traditional sanding and staining. The product is brushed on the surface of the wood to protect it and stabilise it. It is especially useful for the treatment of sash and pulley cords, where it can prevent breakage. It is important that any historic ironmongery like sash stays and latches be kept and restored instead of replaced. It can be difficult to replace these items without altering their original design. It is recommended that the use of modern aluminium fittings such as chain stays and sash lifts should be avoided if possible as they can cause corrosion and damage to frames and sashes made from timber.